Understanding Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV): A Common Threat to Respiratory Health

Respiratory Syncytial Virus, commonly known as RSV, is a pervasive and potentially serious respiratory infection that affects people of all ages. Although it often causes mild symptoms similar to the common cold in healthy individuals, RSV can be particularly severe in infants, elderly adults, and individuals with weakened immune systems. In this blog post, we will delve into the details of RSV, exploring its characteristics, symptoms, risk factors, and preventative measures.

What is RSV?

Respiratory Syncytial Virus belongs to the Paramyxoviridae family and the Pneumovirus genus. It primarily affects the respiratory tract, causing infections in the lungs and breathing passages. RSV is highly contagious and spreads through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. The virus can survive on surfaces for several hours, making it easy to contract by touching contaminated objects.

Symptoms:

The symptoms of RSV can range from mild to severe and may resemble those of the common cold or flu. Common symptoms include:

  • Coughing
  • Runny or stuffy nose
  • Fever
  • Sneezing
  • Decreased appetite
  • Wheezing
  • Shortness of breath
  • Difficulty breathing

In more severe cases, especially in infants or older adults, RSV can lead to bronchiolitis or pneumonia, requiring medical attention.

Risk Factors:

Certain groups of people are at a higher risk of developing severe complications from RSV:

  • Infants and young children: Babies younger than six months are particularly vulnerable because their immune systems are not fully developed.
  • Elderly adults: Older adults, especially those with weakened immune systems, are at increased risk of severe RSV infections.
  • Individuals with weakened immune systems: people with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS or undergoing chemotherapy, are more susceptible to severe RSV infections.
  • Individuals with chronic medical conditions: Those with chronic heart or lung diseases, like asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), are at a higher risk of complications.

Prevention:

Preventing RSV is crucial, especially for high-risk individuals. Some preventative measures include:

  • Frequent handwashing: Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, especially after being around sick people or in crowded places.
  • Avoiding close contact: Limit close contact with individuals who are sick, and avoid touching your face with unwashed hands.
  • Practicing good respiratory hygiene: Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or your elbow when you cough or sneeze, and dispose of tissues properly.
  • Keeping surfaces clean: Regularly clean and disinfect frequently-touched surfaces, especially in shared spaces.
  • Vaccination: In May 2023, the Arexvy vaccine was approved for adults aged 60 and older, making it the first FDA-approved RSV vaccine. Additionally, in August 2023 the FDA’s expert panel unanimously recommended Abrysvo for approval in pregnant women for use at 32 through 36 weeks gestational age.

**Medically reviewed by Dr. Sona Kirpekar, MD

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